I'm Shep O'Neal with the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.
Farmers use different kinds of soil conservation methods to protect their land from damage by farming and the forces of nature. One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks.
Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants with many leaves. Farmers plant them in lines around their fields.
Windbreaks stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from destroying or damaging crops. They are very important for growing grains, such as wheat.
There have been studies done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa, for example. These found that grain harvests can be twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without such protection.
However, windbreaks seem to work best when they allow a little wind to pass through. If the wall of trees and plants stops wind completely, then violent air motions will take place close to the ground. These motions cause the soil to lift up into the air where it will be blown away.
For this reason, a windbreak is best if it has only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants needed to make a solid line.
An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak.
There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. One line should be large trees. The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are best for windbreaks.
Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. They can also provide wood products. These include wood for fuel and longer pieces for making fences.
You can get more information about windbreaks and other forms of soil conservation from the group Volunteers in Technical Assistance. VITA, now part of EnterpriseWorks/VITA, is on the Web at vita.org.
Internet users can read and listen to our Agriculture Reports at voaspecialenglish dot com. And if you have a question, send it to special@voanews.com. Make sure to include your name and tell us where you are from. We might be able to answer your question on the air, but please know that we cannot answer questions personally.
This VOA Special Agriculture Report was written by Gary Garriott. I'm Shep O'Neal.